This can result in significantly decreased braking efficiency and possible brake failure, increasing the risk of an accident. Week 7 — Ozone — Motorcycle helmet. As a result, users may suffer head injuries In the event of an impact.
Week 6 — Triumph — Speed Twin. The gear change lever linkage may become loose from the ball joint. Consequently, the end of the gear lever might excessively move, preventing the driver from changing gear, increasing the risk of an accident.
The side stand spring may fracture. As a result, with the side stand folded up, the side stand cut-off switch might be engaged, leading the engine to stall, increasing the risk of accident. The brake line terminals might have been incorrectly galvanised. Consequently, hydrogen could leak into the brake fluid, causing an extended brake lever travel, decreasing the braking capacity and increasing the risk of accident.
Week 4 — Ducati — Multistrada The affected vehicles were manufactured in The sidestand may break due to defective welding. As a result, the motorcycle can inadvertently fall, increasing the risk of injuries. A part of the drive shaft can be non-compliant. This can lead to an oil leak onto the back wheel, increasing the risk of an accident.
This can lead to loss of the load, posing a risk to the following traffic. The 10A circuit breakers might not meet the required functional specifications. Consequently, they might fail, causing the engine to unexpectedly stop running, increasing the risk of an accident. The product has sharp edges and angles. Consequently the user could become injured while riding the bike.
Accessible parts become hot during use. If touched, the user could burn. The fuel shut-off control is located at the carburettor intake and the vent hose of the fuel tank has no support.
Consequently, fuel could leak onto hot surfaces and lead to a fire. The speed limiting device does not work. As a result, the vehicle could reach high speeds and make the user lose control, increasing the risk of accident. Week 51 — Ducati — Hypermotard The negative terminal of the battery might be defective. The body of the Triumph shift assist TSA assembly may come in contact with the linkage clamp assembly.
Consequently, the assisted gear change might fail, resulting in an unexpected missed gear or false neutral, increasing the risk of an accident. Triumph shift assisst TSA accessory kit to allow full and partial throttle up-shifts without the use of the clutch.
The affected vehicles are from model years and The wheel nuts may crack resulting in a reduced clamping force. The affected vehicles were manufactured between 06 June and 30 May Due to oxidation on the contacts, the gear position switch may provide an inaccurate signal, which can lead to an incorrect gear being displayed.
Incorrect gear indication can increase the risk of an accident. Under certain conditions, the capability of the battery fuse block terminals might be exceeded by the actual electrical current requirements. Consequently, the terminal could be damaged leading to a loss of forward and rear lighting, instrument cluster or power steering assist, increasing the risk of accident.
Week 45 — Honda — Z The affected vehicles were manufactured between 13 March and 17 September The strength of the rear carrier is insufficient to accommodate its maximum payload 3 kg. As a result, the carrier could break and loaded objects may fall onto the road, posing a risk to the following traffic.
The affected vehicles were manufactured between Consequently, two gears might be engaged at the same time causing the rear wheel to be blocked, or the teeth of the gears sheared off, increasing the risk of accidents. Model year: to The strength of the material of the inlet and outlet hoses in the oil cooler is inadequate. Consequently cracks might build at the connection between oil hose and oil pipe, leading oil to leak on the rear wheel, increasing the risk of accident..
The engine crankcase pressure can push engine oil into the airbox. Consequently, oil may leak from the airbox drain hose directly onto the rear wheel. This will cause the rear tyre to lose traction, increasing the risk of an accident. The affected vehicles were manufactured between 10 March and 7 January Due to improper communication control program, unnecessary error signals are transferred between the inertial sensor and ABS unit when the battery voltage is too low.
As a result, the ABS function may not work, increasing the risk of an accident. The affected vehicles were manufactured between the 19th June and the 18th April The horn stand might not be sufficiently strong. Consequently, it may spontaneously break, causing the horn to detach while riding, increasing the risk of accidents.
The affected vehicles were manufactured between 21 April and 08 August Surface corrosion could occur within the non-anodised calliper piston bore. The tyres may be affected by an open tread splice that can lead to a tread bulge or tread detachment affecting the operation of the motorcycle.
In case the tread detaches during high-speed operation, the motorcycle could be subject to vibration and the driver may lose control, increasing the risk of an accident. The affected vehicles were manufactured between 9 May and 7 June Defective drill hole may restrict the oil supply to the gearbox. This could cause damage to the gears and blocking of the back wheel, increasing the risk of an accident. The affected vehicles were manufactured between September and March Some of the supply and return pipes of the oil cooler were incorrectly moulded.
As a result, the oil hose may become detached from the fitting and oil may leak out, increasing the risk of an accident and fire. Week 35 — Suzuki — Burgman The affected vehicles were manufactured between 2 August and 4 January Certain riveted joints may be defective due to a manufacturing error. As a result, the rear belt pulley may break and the rear wheel may lock, increasing the risk of an accident.
The two rear shock absorber fastening screws may be defective and could break. Consequently, the rear of the motorcycle would be lowered, increasing the risk of an accident. The front brake pump may be defective. This may result in a self-actuation of the front brake, increasing the risk of an accident. The affected vehicles were manufactured between 10 December and 6 March Water may get into the rear brake light switch and corrode the metal parts.
This could cause the rear brake light to fail to illuminate, increasing the risk of an accident. Week 28 — Keeway — Superlight The affected vehicles were manufactured in and When the front brake pads are worn our above certain level, they could fall out of the brake caliper.
This can impair the braking efficiency, increasing the risk of an accident. The handbrake lever may be defective and could break. This may result in loss of control of the vehicle, possibly leading to an accident. The circlip at the mainshaft may loosen from its groove which may cause the gear teeth in the transmission to break.
This will prevent shifting of the gears, causing the engine to stall or locking of the rear wheel, possibly leading to an accident. The two conduits in the aftermarket Cafe Racer Fairing kits have insufficient clearance and may cause damage to the wiring. This may result in a loss of headlights, turn signals or possibly an engine stall, increasing the risk of an accident. This may result in loss of control over the vehicle, leading to an accident.
The affected vehicles were manufactured between 14 April and 22 December Possible oxidation and increased contact surface resistance of the turn signal switch, hazard switch and dimmer switch. This may result in failure of the turn signal, hazard signal or high beam lights, increasing the risk of an accident. The affected vehicles in were manufactured between 19 May and 12 June Corrosion may occur around the brake caliper bore.
This could affect the brake function, increasing the risk of an accident. The affected vehicles were manufactured between 09 February and 23 August The front brake hose may get damaged over time, which may lead to a loss of brake fluid. This can reduce brake performance, increasing the risk of an accident.
Faulty programming of the engine control unit may cause the engine to stall suddenly at idle or at low RPM. This may increase the risk of an accident. Week 15 — Triumph — Speed Twin.
The affected vehicles were manufactured between 21 September and 04 February The coolant hose between the radiator and expansion tank may have been misrouted and consequently come into contact with the exhaust header pipe, potentially causing damage to the hose.
A leak from the radiator hose may allow coolant to escape and get onto the rear tyre. This could cause the rider to lose control over the vehicle, leading to an accident. Week 13 — Suzuki — Address. The vehicles affected were produced between May and March Owing to a production fault, the angle of the generator rotor installation on the crankshaft may not be adequate. This may cause damage to the crankshaft and subsequently lead to engine failure and to an accident.
Vehicles produced between and are affected. Limited durability of the belt-drive causes damage and, consequently, a loss of power transmission. As a result, the rider could lose control of the motorcycle.. Due to a manufacturing defect, the fuel tank air inlet pipe may have remained partially or completely closed. This could reduce the fuel flow to the engine and cause it to stop while the motorcycle is in movement, increasing the risk of accidents.
Week 12 — Triumph — Street, Bonneville. The affected vehicles were manufactured between 11 August and 13 January The clutch cable can contact and potentially damage the wiring within the main harness. As a consequence, headlight or indicator lighting may malfunction or engine power could be lost without warning, increasing the risk of an accident.
Possible defect in the fuel tank may lead to fuel leakage in the seating area. Fuel leakage close to a source of ignition may increase the risk of the vehicle catching fire. Possible defective hose on the radiator. The vehicles concerned were manufactured in This can lead to failure of the rear wheel brake and the ABS, which could lead to an accident. The vehicles concerned were produced between and Poor material resistance of the hoses in the area of the cooling water expansion tank can lead to the loss of cooling water.
The cooling liquid could leak onto the road and the rider could consequently lose control of the motorcycle. The vehicles affected were produced between The connecting rods in the engine have not been correctly fitted and may lead to engine defects. This can increase the risk of an accident. Model year: Monster ; SuperSport , model year: Monster The interference fit between the lever tip pin and the gear shift lever may not perform, which may cause the pin to detach.
This leads to an increased risk of a crash. Under certain circumstances, fuel can leak around one of the screw sets in the area of the petrol pump flange. This could increase the risk of fire. There is the possibility for engine oil to leak from one of the hydraulic tensioners for the front and rear bank timing chains. The oil may leak onto the engine sump and onto the tyre.
A crack may occur at the level of the outlet pipe of the oil cooler. As a consequence, oil may leak leading to an accident. The welds in the tank may not be adequate. As a consequence fuel may leak, leading to an accident. Week 2 — Polaris — Slingshot three-wheeled motorcycle. The backup camera could fail internally and melt the voltage regulator over-mold. As a consequence, the circuit fuse may blow, which would inhibit proper tail light function. Production period: between Nov 22, and Jul 20, ; model year: Some canister charge tubes are routed improperly and can touch the exhaust pipe.
The heat from the exhaust pipe can damage the tube and may cause a fire. The carburetter slide may stick in the fully open position, preventing the engine to wind down after full acceleration while continuing to run at high speed. This can lead to uncontrollable riding conditions. The chain guard may become detached and fall onto the road. This can lead to accidents. Week 51 — Yamaha — SR, vehicles manufactured between and are affected. The nut on the oil line may have been insufficiently tightened.
This can result in oil leaks and present a skid hazard. When the motorcycle is continuously ridden at low speed, the heat generated affects the PPTC polymer positive temperature coefficient device of the ECU and the motorcycle may enter into fail safe mode. This makes it impossible to shift gear and the driving force may be lost and it will not be possible to continue riding. Show all Hide all Show by Hide Show Actor credits. Wendy Engle voice.
Dalton Wilcox voice. Ben Alterman voice, as Andrew Daly. Danny Mahoney as Andrew Daly. Memphis Stormfront voice. Sunderson's SunSuckers Old Man voice. Show all 19 episodes. Scheimpough - Mole Hunt Scheimpough voice. Show all 10 episodes.
Officer Keys voice. Show all 23 episodes. Garth - Mother's Daze Bar Patron 1 voice. Garth voice. Tip Rivers as Andrew Daly. Reed Newport. Show all 8 episodes. Wyatt voice, as Andrew Daly. Tim voice. Show all 7 episodes. Uncle Mike voice. Evan Windsor as Andrew Daly. Evan Windsor.
Manager voice. Auctioneer voice, as Andrew Daly. Dunlop voice, as Andrew Daly. Blake voice. Ranger Carl voice. Covington voice. Two-Face voice. Warehouse Manager as Andrew Daly. Coach Brad Petrie as Andrew Daly. Brad the Friendly Homeowner as Andrew Daly.
Cryogenics Salesman as Andrew Daly. Show all 6 episodes. Scott as Andrew Daly. Teacher voice. Keith Quinn. Principal Brown as Andrew Daly. Dave Katterttrune as Andrew Daly. Thomas Hinkle voice. Thom Hinkle as Andrew Daly. Trevor Trengrove voice. TV Series Mr. Zarlid - Finale Zarlid voice. Ron as Andrew Daly. Show all 13 episodes. Doctor as Andrew Daly.
Judge Dowd voice. King of Ooo voice, as Andrew Daly. Officer Chuck Dorgan. Andy Daly. Richard as Andrew Daly. Forrest MacNeil. Show all 22 episodes. Coked Up Passenger as Andrew Daly. Mitchell voice, as Andrew Daly. Joe Bongo as Andrew Daly. Alternatively, no minimum speed would be set for analyzing putting strokes. If that minimum speed has not been achieved, the analysis is terminated and the user so advised. If the minimum speed has been reached and a sufficient number of sensors have been actuated, a file is created from the temporary folders data for detail analysis related to swing characteristics.
After gathering data in step , the process proceeds to decision step , where the system determines whether to proceed in putting mode. This decision is based upon the data gathered in step In an illustrative embodiment, a club head that passes over the center trigger of the trigger row a , then over a sensor at the extreme end of the entrance row and no other sensors, initiates the putting mode.
If the putting mode is not activated, the process proceeds to step where the data gathered in step is examined to determine whether any transitions were recorded in the detectors associated with the exit row sensors f. If transitions were recorded in the exit row, the process proceeds to step , where recorded data is forwarded for processing in step In step , the data is used to calculate various parameters related to the mechanics of the swung club.
In accordance with the principles of the present invention, those parameters may include: swing path angle, club head speed, club head angle, lateral alignment, club head height, loft angle, ball flight path, shot distance, ball spin, swing tempo, ball stroke location on the club face, club face angle, and the effective club head speed. In an illustrative embodiment a swing analysis system in accordance with the principles of the present invention employs a strip of retroreflective material attached to the head of a golf club.
Due to the properties of retroreflective material, previously described, the system's sensor response is substantially independent of the angle of the bottom of a passing golf club head. Consequently, for example, club heads with convex bottoms, the reflective sensing of which would pose a problem if using conventional reflective material, are readily sensed using retroreflective material. Similarly, although various stance errors on the part of a user for example, hands forward or back, standing too close or too far away from the ball may cause the bottom of the club head to be other than horizontal, the use of retroreflective material allows the system to operate well, since emitted light that strikes the surface of the retroreflective material is returned substantially along the path it took from its source.
The retroreflective material also allows the use of the narrowest possible emitter light beams and the narrowest possible detector sensitivity area, the combination of which maximizes the precision of the system's position measurements.
As a result, time-stamped data corresponds exactly to the edges of the reflective tape passing directly over the particular detector. In an illustrative embodiment in which all the emitters are turned on at a high power level for 0. Alternatively, the system may search for a threshold number four or five, for example of overlapping events occurring on the entrance and exit row sensors. Events within each row may also be compared with events detected within a plurality of rows.
By storing only this transition-related data, the system requires a great deal less memory than it would if all the data collected from all the detectors were stored. The system calculates the club face angle by associating the time difference between detector transitions within a pattern of events.
For example, if a club face is swung approximately 7. Similarly, a 7. In an illustrative embodiment the swing analysis system calculates the swing path angle, determining which detectors in which rows correspond to the path of the same reflective strip feature. Once a path is determined, for example, the center of the strip took a course that passed over a detector at one extreme of the array b to the other extreme of the array f. In this illustrative embodiment, that corresponds to a movement across the housing of approximately 4.
The system calculates the path angle as the arctan of 4. This event time could be associated with detectors in the trigger row a , for example.
As previously noted, if the width of the retroreflective material is known, the system can calculate the club head speed as the material width divided by the event duration. Additionally, the system may calculate the club head speed as the distance between any two sets of arrays divided by the corresponding delay between events. Because the system determines overlapping events corresponding to club signatures on all sensor rows, the system may employ data that is, timestamps and detector identifications associated with those signature events to determine speed, path angle, etc.
The system may set acceptable timing and event duration ranges, and discard data associated with out-of-limits edge detection. The process of searching out patterns of overlapping events and discarding out-of-limits data may be repeated until, for example, the calculated results fall within a predetermined confidence level. In effect, a system in accordance with the principles of the present invention sets a window for the most likely duration of valid events for a given club head speed.
If the speed and duration don't match, extreme events are discarded and the system recalculates the speed and duration of the remaining events until the system has identified swing events that fit within the norm, or, until all the collected events are discarded. A system in accordance with the principles of the present invention may employ the club head speed and face angle to compute the ball spin, triangulation techniques such as previously described to compute a club head's toe and heel height before and after impact with a ball.
The shot distance may calculated based on the club selection, club head speed, swing path, face angle, and point of contact on the club face. A ball's landing spot may be calculated on the basis of ball flight distance, spin, and the simulated course's terrain. In an illustrative embodiment, a golfer's tempo is the time between his backswing and downswing.
A club's lateral alignment is determined by drawing an imaginary line from the club center at the entrance row to the club center at the exit row. The effective club head speed is determined, in this illustrative example, by derating the club head speed according to the degree to which the club face angle was off-square at the point of impact. From step , the process proceeds to step , where the results of the calculations are displayed.
In addition to displaying results of the calculations, the system may provide audio feedback and may provide a variety of display modes. Such audio feedback may be employed by a user to be coached while concentrating on the ball, his stance, his mechanics, without looking at a display, for example. From step the process proceeds to step where the system decides whether to continue or not.
This decision may be based upon user input or a system timeout, for example. If the process is not to continue, it proceeds to end in step If the process is to continue, the process returns to step and, from there, as previously described. If, in step , the process determines that there had been no events associated with sensors in the exit row, the system concludes that the trigger event of step is associated with a player's backswing motion and the process proceeds to step In step backswing data recorded in step is sent to the calculation process of step In step the swing analysis system employs the time between two sequential trigger events, associated with a club head passing over the trigger array a in a reverse direction, followed by it's passage in the forward direction, to calculate the player's backswing tempo.
After calculating the backswing parameters in step , the process proceeds to step , where the backswing information is displayed, and, from there, the process proceeds as previously described. Returning to step , if the system determines that a player's input indicates a desire to operate the system in the putting mode, the process proceeds to step In step the system gathers swing analysis data related to putting.
For example, the expected clubhead speed is much slower than that associated with a regular swing. Consequently, the putting data-gathering process takes place on a much slower time scale. Then, all the emitters in all the sensor arrays are turned on and the state of all the detectors in the sensor arrays is once again temporarily stored. All the emitters are then turned off, and the most recently stored state information for each of the detectors is compared to the corresponding next-most recently stored state in order to determine which, if any, of the detectors has undergone a change in state.
The system timestamps each change of state for each detector in which a change of state is detected. The process of turning all the emitters on, logging the state of each detector, and timestamping each change of state continues until the end of the putting process.
The end of the process may be brought about by virtue of user interaction or by a timeout, for example. In this illustrative embodiment, the pulsing of emitters in the putting mode takes place over an extended period of time in order to allow for the relatively slow strokes related to putting.
In the putting mode, light level transitions are associated, not with the passage of the leading and trailing edges of a reflective strip, as in the normal mode of operation, but with reflections from a reflective strip associated with the pulsing on and pulsing off of emitters. The system employs the timestamp list, as it does in other modes of operation, to determine the motion of the club head. That is, as previously described, a system in accordance with the principles of the present invention computes the values of various club head parameters, such as path angle, by examining the sequential detection of club head features at sequential detector locations.
In this illustrative embodiment, those sequential detections are stored in the form of a timestamp list. After gathering the putting data in step , the process proceeds to step where the data is forwarded to the calculation process of step In step the values of putting parameters are calculated, then the process proceeds to step , where those values are displayed.
From step , the process proceeds as previously described. The computer is programmed to determine the swing path angle, club head speed, club head angle, club head lateral alignment, and club head toe and heel height before and after impact and the club head loft.
This information also enables the system to calculate the ball strike location on the club face. In addtion, the effective club head speed may be calculated. This rating is calculated based on the ratio of the club head angle, the relation of the club head to center, and the swing path to those parameters for an idealized swing and multiplying that fraction by the measured club head speed to obtain an overall or composite swing rating.
Furthermore, based on this information, the systems calculates information about the shot that would have been taken if a real golf ball had been hit by the swing. Such information calculated includes the flight path of the ball, the distance of the shot, the spin of the ball and the swing tempo.
This information enables the system to generate a three-dimensional representation of the shot, which can then be superimposed on a representation of a golf hole stored in the memory of the computer. The system is able to apply the calculated information to a standard golf hole, to a driving range simulation, and to a practice putting green simulation, as described in greater detail in the discussion related to the following Figures. The calculated values may be displayed as textual information, a simple graphic representation, a multimedia representation, or any combination thereof on the display computer device.
The system may be employed to analyze a player on a swing-by-swing basis, with swing analysis data cleared after each shot, or the swing information may be tied to a computer representation of a game simulation. The swing information captured by the system may be integrated into a course representation.
Such simulations are shown in FIGS. The screen includes the representation of the hole as well as a window which displays the information calculated by the system for each shot taken by the user. Other displays permit the representation of the hole being played and a window showing a representation of the shot as seen from above and a window showing the shot as seen from ground level. All of the data calculated by the system may be represented either in text on the screen or in pictures that show the shot in windows.
The screen shot illustrates data presentation such as may displayed by a swing analysis system in accordance with the principles of the present invention. The Practice Green and Green Game display modes operate in conjunction with the putting mode of data capture and analysis, as described in the discussion related to FIG.
The Practice Range, Practice Course, and Course Game display modes operate in conjunction with the regular swing mode of data capture and analysis, as described in greater detail in the discussion related to FIG.
Toolbar buttons , , , and allow a user to, respectively, select the mode of play, select the club to use for analysis, select the view to be displayed, and select other options. In this illustrative example, information obtained by the system's sensor arrays and conditioned and analyzed by the controller has been passed to the computer for display. This particular display simulates a driving range and the visual feedback is organized in four windows.
The largest window includes graphical information that portrays the layout of a driving range, with yard markers , and a trace that indicates the ball's trajectory. A box in the upper left corner of the window includes textual information regarding a swing that has been analyzed by the system. This information includes the distance the ball has traveled that is, the distance a ball would have traveled according to the simulation conducted by the system based on the information obtained from the sensor arrays and controller , in this cases The box also lists the speed at which the ball traveled, The toe and heel heights indicate whether the club was angled in the vertical plane when the retroreflective strip intersected the beams of the angled arrays, as described previously described.
The IN values are the heights of the club head toe and heel before ball contact related to measurements from arrays c and the OUT values are the heights of the club toe and heel after ball contact related to measurements from arrays e. A window displays textual and graphical information regarding the swing's face angle and swing path. The system computes and displays the club's face angle before, after, and at the point of contact with the ball. Data relating to these positions are primarily obtained from the entrance b , contact d , and exit row f sensors, respectively, as previously described.
The face angle is given in degrees, along with an indication of whether it is open, closed or square that is, the face angle is zero. A square club face is desired for most shots. If a user is right handed and the face angle is open on contact, the face of the club is perpendicular to a line point to the right of the desired line of flight of the ball. If the face angle is closed, the face is pointing to a line pointing to the left of the desired line of flight of the ball.
A square swing angle cuts a path directly across the middle of the swing sensor unit. For a right-handed golfer, an inside out swing describes a path from the lower right hand corner to the upper left hand corner in the window and an outside in swing path follows a path from the upper right to the lower left hand corner of the window This illustrative system displays a confidence meter in the window to indicate to a user the degree of confidence the system has in its calculations.
The system's confidence in its measurements and calculations may be affected by light interfering with the sensors or errant swings, for example, and the meter provides the system with a way in which to apprise a user of the system's view of the reliability of its current measurements.
The window displays, in both textual and graphical form, a measurement in degrees of a swing path's variation, at the point of impact with the ball, from an imaginary horizontal plane that is, a plane parallel to the plane of the top of the sensor housing.
The window also displays a plurality of club head heights. In this illustrative example, the displayed club head heights are measured as the club approaches the ball 0. The window displays information related to the location on the clubface at which the ball was struck. In a graphical component of the display, a red cross marks the impact point on the clubface and a textual display indicates the distance between the impact point and the club's sweet spot.
The sweet spot is the ideal contact point on the club face, the contact point that yields maximum distance and power. The in this illustrative embodiment, penalties may be assigned to the trajectory of a ball corresponding to the distance between the actual point of impact and the desired point of impact that is, the sweet spot.
The format of the information displayed in this screen shot may be used, with minor modification, in a number of the system's modes of operation. That is, it may be used in conjunction with the Practice Range, Practice Course, and Course Game modes, with minor modifications, such as changes to the terrain and elimination of yard markers in the Practice Course and Course Game modes.
In an alternative mode of operation, the system may be used to monitor a putting stroke. Since a golfer, when lining up a put, may take several practice swings, the system must be able to distinguish the practice swings from the actual putting stroke.
In an illustrative embodiment, the system is placed in a putting mode by swinging a putter diagonally across arrays a and b. The system then begins storing information received by the sensors in a circular buffer for a predetermined period of time: ten seconds, for example. Since the putting swings are much slower than a regular swing, the system, in putting mode, operates at a lower power for a greater period of time compared to the standard swing mode described above.
The system takes the last set of data stored in the circular buffer and analyzes it to give the calculated information for the put stroke. The screen shot of FIG. The illustrative embodiment's putting mode data gathering and analysis operations may provide data for the Practice Green and Green Game display modes.
The box provides a listing of the same type of information, as do windows , , and The trace provides an indication of the balls trajectory that, unlike that of FIG. A box indicates the lay of the terrain and the distance to the hole. A system in accordance with the principles of the present invention may provide a plurality of greens for user interaction.
In this illustrative embodiment, the Practice Green mode provides user interaction for nine different greens, with each green featuring different putting lengths.
The system may be used to train a user to execute straight putts. The system's user interface allows a user to line up his sight for a putt. Depending upon the green and the lie of the ball, the ideal stroke may be in a direct line to the hole, to the right of the hole or to the left of the hole. In response to data collected and processed by the sensor arrays, the computes the trajectory of the user's shot, allowing for the slope of the green, and the accuracy and power of the user's shot.
Based on the feedback displayed, as in FIG. In this illustrative embodiment, a user may select from a variety of tee locations e. During a game, players may start in a numerical sequence e.
In addition to the several views available corresponding to shot type and analysis, the system allows a user to choose from various views related to the travel of the ball, and these views are available in a plurality of modes.
In accordance with the principles of the present invention, the system creates a three-dimensional 3D representation of the course upon which a user is playing and, as a result, the views just described, which relate the flight of a user's golf ball to a 3D virtual golf course are available to a user.
The creation of the 3D virtual course and the ball-related views may be implemented using animation and rendering techniques known in the art. The system allows a user to interact, through a keyboard or a mouse, for example, with the user interface to thereby move the viewpoint of the fly thru up or down in order to get a better view of the hole. The user interface also allows a player to drop a ball anywhere on the course in order to practice shots from the selected location.
The allows players to call up previous shots and to thereby allow a player to review the stored shots, to compare the shots, and to review the progress he may be making. A user may select wood and iron tee heights heights used whenever a shot is hit with a driver or wood, or with an iron , and grass height the height used whenever the player hits from the grass with an un-teed ball.
This height information will be used by the system in conjunction with data collected from the sensor arrays to determine the location on the club face that strikes a ball when the player takes a shot. The system provides audio feedback which a user might employ during practice to obtain feedback while focusing on his shots. That is, a user may select a mode that announces the data and swing analysis, such as is displayed in the various display windows previously discussed.
By announcing the data through use of a speaker, such as speaker , a user may, for example, take a shot, hear the analysis of the shot, and line up his next shot, all while focusing on his ball and club, without resorting to viewing the system's display output. The perspective view of FIG. In this illustrative embodiment, the mat includes top and bottom layers and , respectively. The top layer is composed of a resilient material, such as a uniback simulated grass surface, available from Grass-Tex, Inc.
Both layers are made of durable resilient materials. The thickness of the mat T, is selected to be approximately the same thickness as that of the sensor housing, thereby supporting a user at approximately the same level as the top surface of the sensor housing.
The head and foot of the mat are associated with the ends of the sensor housing that include, respectively, the exit and entrance row sensors. The drawing is not to scale. An aperture is designed to receive the sensor housing Because the mat is made of resilient flexible materials, it may be folded or rolled for convenient packaging and transportation.
In this illustrative embodiment, the top layer includes three sections , , and , that extend the length of the mat, from head to foot.
The sections , , and , are coupled to the bottom layer , in an illustrative embodiment, by an adhesive such as a heat-cured adhesive. Adhesive-free voids , and are left on either side of the top section edges that form joints between top sections and and between top sections and The adhesive voids run the length of the mat A software implementation of the above described embodiment s may comprise a series of computer instructions either fixed on a tangible medium, such as a computer readable media, e.
Medium can be either a tangible medium, including but not limited to, optical or analog communications lines, or may be implemented with wireless techniques, including but not limited to microwave, infrared or other transmission techniques.
The series of computer instructions embodies all or part of the functionality previously described herein with respect to the invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that such computer instructions can be written in a number of programming languages for use with many computer architectures or operating systems.
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